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What is abnormal bleeding or bruising? It’s normal to bruise or bleed after an injury. Abnormal bleeding or bruising is when you bruise too easily or bleed a lot after minor cuts. Sometimes you might bleed spontaneously (without an injury or known cause). You may get nose bleeds, have heavy...

What is anaemia? Anaemia is when your body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. This reduces the oxygen flow in the body. One of the most common symptoms of anaemia is fatigue. Anaemia can also cause shortness of breath, headaches, dizziness and a racing heartbeat. Anaemia can occur...

What is deep vein thrombosis? Deep vein thrombosis is a type of blood clot that forms in a deep vein (not a vein on the surface of the skin). Deep vein thrombosis is usually seen in the leg but may form in any deep vein. The main danger is that...

What is haemochromatosis? Haemochromatosis causes the body to absorb too much iron from food. The condition is genetic, which means it is passed from parent to child. Some people with haemochromatosis will develop problems, while others won’t. Haemochromatosis can lead to heart disease, diabetes and liver disease. However, treatment is...

What is hypertension? Hypertension is the medical name for high blood pressure. High blood pressure means your blood is pumping with more force than normal through your arteries. After a while, this increased pressure can start to damage blood vessels in the brain, heart and kidneys. This could lead to...

What is Iron Deficiency Anaemia? Iron deficiency anaemia is a type of anaemia caused by a lack of iron. You need iron to make haemoglobin, a special protein that carries oxygen in your red blood cells. When you don’t have enough haemoglobin, less oxygen is available in your body. This...

Neutropenia is a medical condition in which there are not enough white blood cells circulating in the bloodstream. Neutropenia can come on suddenly (acute), be there for a long time or come and go. Some people do not have any symptoms, but should symptoms show they can include bacterial infections...

What is epistaxis? Epistaxis is another name for nose bleeds. It is a common problem in both children and adults. Usually the bleeding comes from an area at the front of the nose called Little's area. Nose bleeds can happen because of nose picking, blowing hard, sneezing, coughing or straining....

What is a pulmonary embolism? A pulmonary embolism is when a blood clot blocks the arteries that supply blood to the lungs. A blood clot can form in the veins of the legs, pelvis, abdomen (tummy) or the heart. The clot moves from where it first forms and travels through...

What is sepsis? Sepsis is life-threatening. It needs to be treated quickly. It happens when your body's response to an infection damages your vital organs. Vital organs are your heart, lungs and brain. Anyone can get sepsis. People at higher risk include: Those with a weak immune system Older people...

What is septic arthritis? Septic arthritis is an infection in a joint. Somehow bacteria has spread to the joint or bones around it through the bloodstream. It happens more in the legs and feet. It is also more common in children under the age of five years. Children can become...

What is tetanus? Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection. It happens when bacteria go into the body through a break in the skin like a cut or a wound. The bacteria is usually in soil, dust and manure, but it can be found anywhere. It affects the brain, nerves and...

What is thrombotic disorder? Thrombotic disorders are conditions where blood clots form in your veins and block blood vessels. There are two main types:  Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) blood clots in the leg or arm. Symptoms include swelling, pain, redness of the skin. Pulmonary Embolism blood clots in the lung....