肾脏和膀胱疾病

What is acute kidney injury? Acute kidney injury is a form of kidney damage that occurs quickly, over a few hours to a few days. It affects kidney function, making it hard for the kidneys to filter waste from the blood. Common signs include swelling, going to the toilet less...

What is blood in urine (haematuria)? Blood in urine (Haematuria) is when there is blood in the urine. It can be: Visible: It is possible to see blood in the urine with the naked eye Microscopic: It is not possible to see blood in the urine but red blood cells...

What is chronic kidney disease? Your kidneys filter the blood in your body, removing waste products that can harm your organs. If your kidneys stop working as well as they could, your blood is not filtered properly and this can affect your health. There are many reasons this might happen....

What is Cirrhosis? Cirrhosis is a serious liver disease that happens when the liver becomes damaged over a long time. The damage causes scar tissue to form, making it harder for the liver to do its job. Drinking a lot of alcohol over many years is a common cause, but...

What is a diabetes kidney screening? High blood sugar levels can damage your kidneys. Undiagnosed kidney damage can lead to serious health issues. You might develop kidney failure, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to keep you alive. Kidney damage is often ‘silent’. This means that you may not...

What is a kidney infection (pyelonephritis)? Kidney infections happen when bacteria enters your body via the urethra (the tube you pass urine through). The bacteria then travels into your bladder and up to your kidneys. Usually, kidney infections can be easily treated with a course of antibiotics and you will...

What are kidney stones? Kidney stones are small, hard deposits that form in the kidneys. They are common and can be treated. If you have kidney stones you may have severe pain in your lower back. Other symptoms are nausea, vomiting, fever and urine changes such as bloody or cloudy...

What is proteinuria? Proteinuria is the medical name for protein in the urine. There is usually a small amount of protein in the urine but too much means there may be damage, or disease, in your kidneys. Proteinuria is often caused by another condition, such as diabetes or hypertension. It...

What is urethritis? Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra (the tube which takes urine from the bladder to outside your body). Most of the time, it is because of a sexually transmitted infection. Anyone can get urethritis. Talk to your GP about treatment options.

What is urinary incontinence? Urinary incontinence is the involuntary or accidental leakage of urine. This affects 30% to 50% of women and up to 30% of men. Pregnancy, childbirth, are common causes for women and enlarged prostates for men. For both men and women, incontinence becomes more common with age....

What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)? A urinary tract infection (UTI) happens when germs get into the urethra, bladder, vagina or kidneys. They are very common. They mostly happen in women, babies and older people. Men and people of any age can also get a UTI. You might feel...