Health Resource Directory

What is it? Elder abuse is a single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, within a relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person. Elder abuse can take many forms including financial, psychological, physical and sexual abuse, and intentional...

What is it female genital mutilation? Female genital mutilation, or cutting (FGM/C) is any procedure that involves partial or total removal of, or injury to, the external female genitalia, for non-medical reasons. There are no health benefits to FGM/C. It is considered a violation of the human rights of girls...

What is an Acutely Disturbed Adult or Older Person? An adult may appear mentally unwell or unstable if their thoughts or behaviour are not normal. This can happen if they are affected by alcohol or drugs, experiencing psychosis, or confused due to a medical condition called delirium.   Delirium is...

What is an antidepressant medication? Antidepressant medications, also called antidepressants, are used to treat depression and other mental health conditions. They do this by affecting brain chemicals that influence mood. Different types of antidepressants work in different ways. For some people, antidepressants are very helpful. It is important to talk...

What is delirium? Delirium is a common condition in older people, but it can happen at any age. Symptoms usually appear suddenly and may last for a short time, but sometimes they can continue for longer. Delirium can make daily activities hard. A person may become confused, forgetful, unable to...

What is a digital mental health support? A digital mental health support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for people who might not seek support in other ways, are in a...

What is a digital support? A digital support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for those who might not otherwise seek support, are in a crisis, or live in rural areas....

What is a digital support? A digital support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for those who might not otherwise seek support, are in a crisis, or live in rural areas....

What is a digital support? A digital support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for those who might not otherwise seek support, are in a crisis, or live in rural areas....

What is a digital support? A digital support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for those who might not otherwise seek support, are in a crisis, or live in rural areas....

What is a digital support? A digital support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for those who might not otherwise seek support, are in a crisis, or live in rural areas....

What is a digital support? A digital support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for those who might not otherwise seek support, are in a crisis, or live in rural areas....

What is a digital support? A digital support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for those who might not otherwise seek support, are in a crisis, or live in rural areas....

What is a digital support? A digital support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for those who might not otherwise seek support, are in a crisis, or live in rural areas....

What is a digital support? A digital support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for those who might not otherwise seek support, are in a crisis, or live in rural areas....

What is a digital support? A digital support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for those who might not otherwise seek support, are in a crisis, or live in rural areas....

What is a digital support? A digital support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for those who might not otherwise seek support, are in a crisis, or live in rural areas....

What is a digital support? A digital support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for those who might not otherwise seek support, are in a crisis, or live in rural areas....

What is an eating disorder? Eating disorders are mental health conditions that cause a person to develop disordered or extreme eating habits. Common types of eating disorders include: Anorexia – severely restricting food and becoming dangerously underweight  Bulimia – eating large amounts of food in a short space of time,...

What is it? A mental health treatment plan is written for people with mental ill-health. If you have mental health issues, your doctor can write a plan for you. A mental health treatment plan will outline the type of treatment you and your GP agree on.

What is post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition. It is when a person experiences intense feelings of fear, anxiety and panic any time after exposure to a traumatic event. A traumatic event can be anything which threatens a person's life or...

What is psychosis? Psychosis is a serious mental health condition affecting the mind. People with psychosis can experience an altered sense of reality. They may see and hear things that don’t exist, talk incoherently and feel agitated. Psychosis can be caused by another mental health condition, like: Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder...

What is epistaxis? Epistaxis is another name for nose bleeds. It is a common problem in both children and adults. Usually the bleeding comes from an area at the front of the nose called Little's area. Nose bleeds can happen because of nose picking, blowing hard, sneezing, coughing or straining....

What is sepsis? Sepsis is life-threatening. It needs to be treated quickly. It happens when your body's response to an infection damages your vital organs. Vital organs are your heart, lungs and brain. Anyone can get sepsis. People at higher risk include: Those with a weak immune system Older people...

What is septic arthritis? Septic arthritis is an infection in a joint. Somehow bacteria has spread to the joint or bones around it through the bloodstream. It happens more in the legs and feet. It is also more common in children under the age of five years. Children can become...

What is tetanus? Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection. It happens when bacteria go into the body through a break in the skin like a cut or a wound. The bacteria is usually in soil, dust and manure, but it can be found anywhere. It affects the brain, nerves and...

What is thrombotic disorder? Thrombotic disorders are conditions where blood clots form in your veins and block blood vessels. There are two main types:  Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) blood clots in the leg or arm. Symptoms include swelling, pain, redness of the skin. Pulmonary Embolism blood clots in the lung....

What is ankylosing spondylitis? Ankylosing spondylitis is a condition which mainly affects the spine. It is an autoimmune disease. This means it happens because of a faulty immune system. There is no cure for ankylosing spondylitis. Your GP will help you to manage your symptoms. There are many things you...

What is osteomyelitis? Osteomyelitis is swelling of the bone. It happens when germs (bacteria) spreads from the blood stream to the bone. When it gets into the bone it causes an infection. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common germ involved. The germ could get in through a small skin infection,...

What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a disease of the bone that makes it weaker and more likely to fracture. There are no symptoms of osteoporosis until a fracture occurs and because of this it tends to be under-diagnosed. All people over the age of 70 can be screened for osteoporosis...

What is follow up after breast cancer? Follow up with your care team is recommended after treatment for breast cancer. They will check whether breast cancer has come back, monitor side effects of treatment and provide support.  

What is a cancer support service? There are many support services for people living with cancer. Some people need help at home, or with money, work and legal issues.  Other types of support include emotional and wellbeing support to help you through your diagnosis. Family members and people who care...

What is a familial cancer syndrome? When a gene changes, it increases the risk of cancer in a family. This is called a familial cancer syndrome. It is important to know not all cancers happen because of an inherited faulty gene.

What is life after cancer? After treatment for cancer ends, you will have regular appointments with your GP to monitor your health. This is to manage any long-term side effects and check that the cancer hasn’t come back or spread. 

What is Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer? Non-melanoma skin cancers or keratinocyte cancers are the most common cancers in Australia. Skin cancer happens when skin cells become damaged, often from getting too much ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.   The type of treatment depends on the type and size of the...

What is a bowel cancer screening? Early diagnosis helps reduce the number of Australians who die each year from bowel cancer. The National Bowel Cancer Screening Program aims to help detect signs of bowel cancer early. The program offers Australians aged 45 to 74 years free screening every two years....

What is lung cancer screening? Screening is a way of finding signs of cancer in people who do not have any symptoms. The goal is to find cancer early, when it is easier to treat. Lung cancer screening uses a low-dose CT scan to look for any small lumps, called...

What is Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer? Non-melanoma skin cancers or keratinocyte cancers are the most common cancers in Australia. Skin cancer happens when skin cells become damaged, often from getting too much ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.   The type of treatment depends on the type and size of the...

What is it? GPs use milestones to track your child’s development. Milestones are the skills and tasks children can do at different ages. If your child is not meeting one or more milestones, there may be a cause for concern. See the developmental concerns in children factsheet for more information...

What is a digital mental health support? A digital mental health support is a service which is offered online or over the phone for low or no cost to the person using it. These services are important for people who might not seek support in other ways, are in a...

What is a temper tantrum? Temper tantrums, also known as tantrums, are emotional outbursts. If your child is having a tantrum, they might cry, yell and stamp. They may act like they are out of control or run away. Anger and frustration are common signs. Children with severe tantrums may...

What is asthma? Asthma is a disease where the airway becomes inflamed. It can cause symptoms like wheeze, shortness of breath, cough, or chest tightness.   For many people asthma does not last their whole life. It can be triggered by a viral throat infection, exercise, passive smoking, or allergies....

What is a BCG vaccination? The BCG vaccine is the vaccine for tuberculosis, also known as TB. Tuberculosis is a serious bacterial infection. It mainly affects the lungs. The vaccine contains a weak form of the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. After you have the vaccine, your body develops immunity against...

What is bedwetting (enuresis)? Enuresis is involuntary bedwetting during sleep in a child under 5 years old. It is a common condition that affects 10% of children aged over 7 years old. This can be quite stressful for both children and their families and can sometimes be associated with daytime...

What is it? GPs use milestones to track your child’s development. Milestones are the skills and tasks children can do at different ages. If your child is not meeting one or more milestones, there may be a cause for concern. See the developmental concerns in children factsheet for more information...

What is diabetes in children? Diabetes happens in children when the glucose level in their blood stays high. Everybody has glucose in their blood. It is in the food we eat. A hormone called insulin allows glucose to move from the blood to the body's cells. Insulin is made in...

What is eczema? Eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition causing dry, itchy skin that can become inflamed. Eczema in children often comes and goes. It most often begins before a child is one year old. Most children will grow out of their eczema by the age...

What is an eye problem for a child? Eye problems are common in children. These problems can happen because of injury, infection or begin at birth. Some concerns can be very minor and need simple treatments. Your GP is a good place to start for advice on what treatment may...

What is a headache? Headaches are a common pain syndrome seen in children, along with recurrent abdominal and leg pains. The two most common causes of recurrent headache in children are the same as those seen in adults - about 50% are tension headaches and 25% are migraines. These can...

What is a heart murmur? A heart murmur is when the blood flowing through the heart makes an extra noise. Normal heart sounds make a "lubb-dubb" noise as blood flows through the heart. Most heart murmurs in children and will disappear with time. In some cases, heart murmurs are caused...

What is an inguinal hernia (lump or swelling in children)? An inguinal hernia is a lump that occurs in the groin. Lumps in the groin area in children have many causes. The most common is an inguinal hernia which tend to affect boys more often than girls. Other causes in...

What is an inhaled foreign object? It is very common for small children to put items in their mouths and then inhale them accidentally. Doing this may cause choking. It is important to watch your child at all times when they are eating or playing with small objects. Choking is...

What is plagiocephaly (misshapen or flat head)? Plagiocephaly (misshapen or flat head) is when a baby has an uneven or flat spot on their head. A newborns skull bones are soft, thin and flexible. It is normal and most of the time it will correct itself as the baby grows....

What is it? It is very common for children to develop lumps in their necks. The most common cause is enlarged lymph nodes following an upper respiratory tract infection. Occasionally a single large and tender lymph node can be due to a bacterial infection and require antibiotics. Long standing lumps...

What is pain relief for children? For children, treatment depends on the age of the child and cause of their pain. Common pain relief medications used in children are paracetamol and ibuprofen. In general, these medicines are safe and effective when used at their recommended doses. Other medicines are also...

What is it? The foreskin is the loose skin at the head of the penis. The foreskin usually won’t pull back at all at birth. By age 15, most boys should be able to pull back their foreskin. Pulling back the foreskin stops urine from building up under the foreskin...

What is a persistent cough in children? A cough is a very common symptom in children. It can be caused by many different things. You should see your GP if your child's cough lasts for more than four weeks.

What is physical activity in children? Regular physical activity is essential for your child’s health, growth and development. Kids need to be active every day. But most children don’t get enough exercise. Children aged one to five need to be active for at least three hours every day. Your child’s...

What is poisoning and drug overdose? Drug overdoses and poisonings are common reasons people are taken to hospital. An overdose happens when someone takes too much of a drug, poison, or a mix of these. This can cause harmful, toxic effects on the body. Symptoms may appear quickly, but sometimes...

What is a temper tantrum? Temper tantrums, also known as tantrums, are emotional outbursts. If your child is having a tantrum, they might cry, yell and stamp. They may act like they are out of control or run away. Anger and frustration are common signs. Children with severe tantrums may...

What is torticollis? Torticollis is a when the neck muscles spasm and the neck twists to the side. It is usually due to shortening of a muscle in the neck. It can happen to babies, children and adults.  In babies, it can happen while the baby is growing in the...

What are undescended testes? Undescended testes is when a testicle hasn't moved into the bag of skin below the penis (the scrotum) before birth. This can happen on one or both sides. In most cases it does not need treatment. The testicle will usually move down during the first 6...

What is wheeze in children? Asthma can present an any age, however wheezing is a common breathing problem for children aged 1-5 years old. This is known as viral induced wheeze or pre-school asthma. It happens when a child has a viral infection, gets a cough or cold.   The airways...

What is driving with diabetes? Patients with diabetes may be taking medication which increases the risk of high blood sugar while driving.  This may affect your ability to drive. Your GP will talk to you about how to manage your diabetes and drive safely.

What is diabetes in children? Diabetes happens in children when the glucose level in their blood stays high. Everybody has glucose in their blood. It is in the food we eat. A hormone called insulin allows glucose to move from the blood to the body's cells. Insulin is made in...

What is self-monitoring blood glucose? Self-monitoring of blood glucose is recommended for all people with type 1 diabetes. It is also recommended for people with type 2 diabetes who are on insulin or other medications that may cause low blood sugar levels. It also advised for pregnant women diagnosed with...

What is anaphylaxis? Anaphylaxis is sometimes life threatening and is always a medical emergency. It is the worst kind of allergic reaction. It usually happens 20 minutes to 2 hours after contact with a food, insect or medicine. Often a person is already allergic to the thing they have an...

It is important to eat well and keep physically active. You can find helpful resources to guide you towards eating a healthier diet and doing physical activity on this page. 

What is cocaine, ecstasy and other drugs? Cocaine and ecstasy are two commonly used illegal drugs. These drugs are damaging to your health and severely impact both physical and mental health. Risks of using drugs include: Overdosing and becoming extremely sick or dying Having a serious accident or injury while...

What is it? Opioid dependence treatment is treatment for people who are dependent on opioids. Opioids are pain-relieving medications. There are legal and illegal types of opioids. Legal opioids can be bought over the counter or with a prescription. One of the most common illegal opioids is the drug heroin....

What is poisoning and drug overdose? Drug overdoses and poisonings are common reasons people are taken to hospital. An overdose happens when someone takes too much of a drug, poison, or a mix of these. This can cause harmful, toxic effects on the body. Symptoms may appear quickly, but sometimes...

What is vaping? A vape is a small device also known as an electronic cigarette. They are not safe, and use can lead to serious health problems. Using a vape is called vaping. Vapes are harmful to your health at any age. They impact your physical and mental health. Vaping...

What is an ear infection? Ear infection happens when fluid builds up behind the ear drum. This is the middle part of your ear. It often starts due to a simple cold. It is very common in children but can also affect adults. It can be very painful. If you...

What is otitis externa? Otitis externa, also known as Swimmer’s Ear, happens when the outer part of the ear becomes inflamed. The skin inside the ear canal can become red, swollen, and sore because of an infection caused by bacteria or fungus. This condition can affect people of all ages....

What is sinusitis? Sinusitis means infection or inflammation of the sinuses. Your sinuses are in your cheeks, forehead and around the eyes, they are all connected to the nose and throat. Sinusitis can happen when there is swelling or too much mucus in the lining of the sinuses and the...

What is tonsilitis? Tonsilitis is swelling of the tonsils. The tonsils are lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat. They help to filter out bacteria and other germs to prevent infection in the body. Tonsilitis can be caused by bacteria or viruses. It is more...

What is vertigo? Vertigo is a type of dizziness. If you have vertigo, you may feel like the room is spinning around you. You can feel unbalanced, light-headed, like you are about to faint or like you are swaying. You may also feel nauseous or like you are sweating. Feelings...

What are cataracts? A cataract is when the lens in your eye becomes cloudy. Inside our eyes, we have a natural lens which help us see. When you have a cataract it can cause your vision to be blurred, hazy or less colourful. For most people cataracts can be monitored,...

What is an eye injury? An eye injury can happen due to an accident, sports injury, or if you get something in your eye. An injury to the eye can cause pain, swelling, redness and other symptoms. You can't always tell when an eye has been injured. If you know...

What is an eye problem for a child? Eye problems are common in children. These problems can happen because of injury, infection or begin at birth. Some concerns can be very minor and need simple treatments. Your GP is a good place to start for advice on what treatment may...

What is an eyelid lesion? An eyelid lesion is a lump on the eyelid. They are common and can be painful or irritating. There are two main types of lesions, they are: Styes - a small, red, painful lump that on the base of your eyelash or under the eyelid....

What is mitochondrial disease? Mitochondrial disease is caused by a problem with one or more of the genes that make up mitochondria. Mitochondria are found in nearly all cells in the body and have many functions, but most importantly they produce energy. Often these faulty genes are inherited from your...

What is pterygium? Pterygium is a fleshy overgrowth on the surface of the eye. It is common and can affect one or both of your eyes. In rare cases, it may grow large enough to affect the vision. If you have a pterygium, you may experience mild pain, redness, itching...

What is red eye? Redness of the eye is common. It can occur in one or both eyes. It happens when the small blood vessels in the eye become larger. This can happen for many reasons. Usually, it is because something is in the eye. It can also happen because...

What is vision loss? Vision loss means a person cannot see things like they used to, or they cannot see things at all. Vision loss can happen with or without pain. Vision loss can happen suddenly or over time. If you have vision loss, you may need to change the...

What is a bowel polyp? A bowel polyp is an abnormal growth on the inside of the large bowel. Approximately 50% of Australian are likely to develop a polyp, and most are undetected as polyps rarely produce symptoms.  There are different types of polyps: Serrated polyps: hyperplastic polyps (HP), sessile...

What is it? Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease. It happens when the immune system reacts badly to gluten. Gluten is found in wheat, rye, and barley. People with coeliac disease cannot eat anything with gluten in it. Eating gluten can cause long term gut issues. Coeliac disease is not the...

What is constipation? Constipation is when you find it hard to empty your bowel (have a bowel movement). It will often be diagnosed when you have fewer than 2 bowel movements in a week. For adults, it is often due to not moving enough, not drinking enough water, and not...

What is gastroenteritis? Gastroenteritis (gastro) is a common condition which affects the gut. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain and sickness. It is caused by an infection and often begins without warning.  It is not usually serious, but it can lead to dehydration.  Gastro can usually be treated at home....

What is indigestion and reflux? When you chew and swallow food, it is pushed down into the stomach by different muscles. Sometimes, the contents of your stomach go back up through the muscles and into the esophagus. This is called reflux. It feels like a burning sensation in your chest....

What is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)? Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the name for two conditions. They are both caused by a problem with your immune system. Both conditions make the bowel inflamed. Ulcerative colitis: This only affects your large bowel (colon and/or rectum). Inflammation is only on the top...

What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is when your gut is irritated. Around one in five Australian experience IBS at some time in their life. Symptoms of IBS include: Tummy pain Bloating Mucus in your poo Diarrhoea Constipation There isn't one cause of IBS. Each person...

What is splenomegaly? The spleen is on the left side of the belly. It filters the blood and removes abnormal cells, such as old and damaged red blood cells. It also makes white blood cells and antibodies to help you fight infection. Splenomegaly is when the spleen is larger than...

What is down syndrome? Down syndrome is a genetic condition. It is not an illness or disease. It is caused when a person is born with an extra chromosome. People from all backgrounds and ages have children with down syndrome. In Australia, 1 in 1,100 children are born with down...

What is it? Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is often fast and irregular heart rhythm that is more common with age. When this occurs in the heart, the pulse becomes irregular and the heart is less efficient. The most common causes of AF are: long-term high blood pressure diseases of the heart...

What is cardiovascular disease? Cardiovascular disease is a term for a range of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. These diseases stop the heart from working properly and can be fatal. The most common cardiovascular diseases are coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease.  Cardiovascular diseases are...

What is Giant-cell arteritis? Giant-cell arteritis is an illness that happens when the body’s immune system attacks the blood vessels by mistake. This makes the walls of the blood vessels swollen and sore. It usually affects the blood vessels near the temples, which are on the sides of your head....

What is a heart murmur? A heart murmur is when the blood flowing through the heart makes an extra noise. Normal heart sounds make a "lubb-dubb" noise as blood flows through the heart. Most heart murmurs in children and will disappear with time. In some cases, heart murmurs are caused...

What is a BCG vaccination? The BCG vaccine is the vaccine for tuberculosis, also known as TB. Tuberculosis is a serious bacterial infection. It mainly affects the lungs. The vaccine contains a weak form of the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. After you have the vaccine, your body develops immunity against...

What is an immunisation side effect? Adverse Events Following Immunisation (AEFIs) is the term used to describe the medical issues that people may have after getting a vaccine. It is also called a side effect of immunisation. Most are minor and expected. These include soreness at injection site, and feeling...

What is travel vaccination? Travel vaccinations are vaccines that protect against the serious diseases you may encounter when travelling overseas. Overseas travel can expose you to serious infectious diseases that are not common in Australia. Pregnant women, babies, young children, the elderly and people with a weak immune system have...

What is hand hygiene? Hand hygiene is having clean hands. It means cleaning your hands with soap and water or an alcohol-based sanitiser. It is the best way to prevent the spread of germs. You can get germs on your hands by touching your eyes, mouth or nose. Even if your...

What is hepatitis A? Hepatitis A is a viral infection of the liver. The infection is spread when faeces (poo) with the virus touches hands, objects, water or food. It can affect anyone. There is no treatment for hepatitis A. You can manage your symptoms by resting, drinking water and...

What is measles? Measles is a viral disease that spreads easy and can cause severe problems. It remains a common cause of death in children under 5 in some parts of the world. Measles is rare in Australia but remains common in many parts of the world. In most cases,...

What is meningitis? Meningitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. It is very rare but serious. If you are worried that you or someone you care for has meningitis, call triple zero (000) immediately.

What is mpox? Mpox, also called monkeypox, is a rare virus. Most people are not at risk of mpox. It can be spread between animals and humans. You can get mpox after having close contact with an infected person, animal, or object. People at most risk of mpox in Australia...

What is rabies and bat lyssavirus? Rabies and Australian bat lyssavirus are viruses that spread through bites or scratches from infected animals. These viruses cause a disease called rabies. Rabies affects the central nervous system and is fatal. It causes paralysis, delirium, convulsions and death.  The rabies virus does not...

What is a staphylococcus (staph) infection? Staphylococcus aureus (or ‘staph’) and Group A streptococcus (GAS) are kinds of bacteria which can be found on the skin. These bacterias can sometimes cause skin infections. These bacterias are more commonly found in children than adults. A staph infection is contagious.   For...

What is zika virus? Zika is a virus that spreads through infected mosquito bites. It can also be sexually transmitted. In most cases, Zika is mild. But it can be dangerous for pregnant women. A pregnant woman with Zika can pass the virus to her baby which may cause birth...

What is a dislocated finger? A dislocated finger is a common hand injury. It happens when the bones in the finger are moved from their normal position. It can happen in any part of the finger, but mostly in the in the middle joint of the fingers. A dislocated finger...

What is whiplash? Whiplash happens when your head moves very quickly one way and then back again. It can happen during a car accident, fall, or while diving. Neck pain is the most common symptom of whiplash. Other symptoms include stiffness and headache. Usually, whiplash will only last a short...

What are kidney stones? Kidney stones are small, hard deposits that form in the kidneys. They are common and can be treated. If you have kidney stones you may have severe pain in your lower back. Other symptoms are nausea, vomiting, fever and urine changes such as bloody or cloudy...

What is urethritis? Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra (the tube which takes urine from the bladder to outside your body). Most of the time, it is because of a sexually transmitted infection. Anyone can get urethritis. Talk to your GP about treatment options.

What is urinary incontinence? Urinary incontinence is the involuntary or accidental leakage of urine. This affects 30% to 50% of women and up to 30% of men. Pregnancy, childbirth, are common causes for women and enlarged prostates for men. For both men and women, incontinence becomes more common with age....

What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)? A urinary tract infection (UTI) happens when germs get into the urethra, bladder, vagina or kidneys. They are very common. They mostly happen in women, babies and older people. Men and people of any age can also get a UTI. You might feel...

What is jaundice in babies? Jaundice in babies is common. Signs of jaundice in a baby include yellow skin, yellow eyes, fatigue and trouble feeding. It is usually harmless and it goes away in 1 or 2 weeks. If the jaundice appears within 24 hours of birth, or is still...

This page lists resources on many health conditions with translations for non-English speakers. Scroll down to find information from children's health to palliative care relevant to the South Western Sydney community.

What is My Health Record? My Health Record is a secure online summary of your health information. The record keeps information about medical conditions, medicines, allergies and tests in one secure place. Your record can be viewed online, anywhere in Australia, at any time.  If you move interstate or visit...

What is a community health centre? A community health centre helps to improve or maintain the mental and physical health and wellbeing of people living in our community. Primary and Community Health (PaCH) services are located across South Western Sydney. Services include preventative health, early childhood, family care and community...

What is the Department of Veterans' Affairs? The Department of Veterans' Affairs is a government department that offers support for people who have served in defence of the nation. People eligible for support include war veterans, members of the Australian Defence Force, members of the Australian Federal Police and their...

What is a disability support service? Disability support services are services that help people with disabilities, their families and carers. The Australian government offers a range of disability support services. Private companies also offer support services.  Disability support services aid people with disabilities by connecting them with their communities and...

What is a hospital? A hospital is where you go for emergency care.  They offer treatment to patients and have specialised staff and services. In South Western Sydney, there are six public hospitals and six private hospitals. A public hospital is funded and run by the Australian federal, state and...

What is Triple I? Triple I is South Western Sydney Local Health District's (SWSLHD) centralised Community Health intake service. It offers a contact point for patients, carers, and health professionals who need to refer to Community Health Services. Triple I is open Monday to Sunday 7.00 am to 10.00 pm...

What is Urgent Care? Urgent Care is for when you need medical attention, but it’s not a life-threatening emergency and you can't see your GP. Anyone can access Urgent Care. There are Urgent Care locations across South Western Sydney. All urgent care is available 7 days a week, including public...

What is Acute Asthma in Adults? Acute asthma in adults is when asthma suddenly gets worse. It can make it hard to breathe, and cause wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness. This can happen to someone who already has asthma or as a new problem. 

What is asthma? Asthma is a disease where the airway becomes inflamed. It can cause symptoms like wheeze, shortness of breath, cough, or chest tightness.   For many people asthma does not last their whole life. It can be triggered by a viral throat infection, exercise, passive smoking, or allergies....

What is bronchiolitis? Bronchiolitis is a common type of viral chest infection. It usually happens in babies under 12 months old. It is when the smaller airways of the lungs become inflamed and narrowed by mucus. It causes flu like symptoms, like coughing, wheezing, and fever. It also makes it...

What is cystic fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that mostly affects your lungs, pancreas and sweat glands. It causes the build up of thick, sticky mucous that makes it difficult for you to breathe and digest food properly. It can increase your risk of lung and sinus infections,...

What is an inhaler device? You may need to use a medicine called an 'inhaled medicine'. These types of medicines can only be delivered using a device called an inhaler. Inhalers help treat and manage symptoms of respiratory issues. There are different types on inhaler devices. It is important to...

What is a persistent cough in children? A cough is a very common symptom in children. It can be caused by many different things. You should see your GP if your child's cough lasts for more than four weeks.

What is silicosis? Silica is a common mineral which can be found in bricks, tiles and concrete. Silica can become a fine dust when these materials are being worked on. Some workers may breathe in some of this dust without knowing it. Silica dust can cause scarring and stiffening of...

What is wheeze in children? Asthma can present an any age, however wheezing is a common breathing problem for children aged 1-5 years old. This is known as viral induced wheeze or pre-school asthma. It happens when a child has a viral infection, gets a cough or cold.   The airways...

What is pertussis (whopping cough)? Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a life-threatening infection in vulnerable people. Symptoms are similar to a cold with tiredness and fever, but also a persistent cough. The "whoop" is the sound made when the patient has extreme difficulty in breathing. It is easily...

What is ADHD in adults? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder that affects how people behave. People with ADHD may find it hard to pay attention. They may also fidget, talk a lot or not be able to sit still. Another symptom of ADHD is finding it...

What is Alzheimer's disease? Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. Anyone can get Alzheimer's disease, but it is most common in older people. If you have Alzheimer's disease, you may find it hard to remember or plan things. Everyone's experience is different. There is no cure for...

What is autism in adults? Autism spectrum disorder (autism for short) affects how someone thinks, feels, acts and behaves with others. It is not unusual for someone who has autism to not have a diagnosis until they are an adult. Usually, a specialist called a psychologist or psychiatrist will ask you...

What is childhood dementia? Childhood dementia is an umbrella term describing over 100 genetic disorders that damage the brain over time. Symptoms are similar to adult forms of dementia. Childhood dementia affects memory, behaviour, emotions and communication. There is no cure for childhood dementia. If you are worried your child...

What is chronic fatigue? Chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalitis) is a chronic disease that can affect many of the bodies systems. In most people it is a lifelong illness. People with chronic fatigue syndrome are not able to function the same way they did before they became ill. The cause...

What is frontotemporal dementia? Frontotemporal dementia is a brain condition which causes damage to the brain over time. This usually affects people aged between 45 and 65. These is no cure for this type of dementia but you can do things to manage your symptoms.

What are lewy body dementias? Lewy body dementias is an umbrella term describing two forms of dementia: Parkinsons disease dementia Dementia with lewy bodies This type of dementia can change how you think, move and behave. It can also change how your body functions. There is no cure for these...

What is respiratory muscle weakness? Respiratory muscle weakness can be a serious problem for people who live with neuromuscular disease. The most common disease which often results in respiratory muscle weakness is motor neurone disease (MND). Your GP and care team will check for signs of respiratory muscle weakness at...

What is vascular dementia? Vascular dementia is a common type of dementia. It happens because of problems with blood supply to your brain. It can cause problems with your: Reasoning Planning Judgement Memory Thinking If you have diabetes, have lived with obesity, have high blood pressure or smoke you are...

What is vertigo? Vertigo is a type of dizziness. If you have vertigo, you may feel like the room is spinning around you. You can feel unbalanced, light-headed, like you are about to faint or like you are swaying. You may also feel nauseous or like you are sweating. Feelings...

What is younger onset dementia? Younger onset dementia is when you are diagnosed with dementia and aged under 65 years old. It is sometimes called early onset dementia. Dementia is a bran condition that can affect your thinking. You can live an active and fulfilling life for many years after...

What is jaundice in babies? Jaundice in babies is common. Signs of jaundice in a baby include yellow skin, yellow eyes, fatigue and trouble feeding. It is usually harmless and it goes away in 1 or 2 weeks. If the jaundice appears within 24 hours of birth, or is still...

What is a newborn check? Newborn checks are routine assessments of all infants at 1 to 4 weeks of life, and 6 to 8 weeks of life. They are opportunities to monitor growth and development, and detect any significant abnormalities or illnesses which are not apparent at birth as infants...

What is preterm and low birth weight? Preterm infants are born before 37 weeks of gestation. Low-birth-weight infants are babies weighing under 2500g at birth and may be either born preterm or small for gestational age. Preterm and low-birth-weight infants may have a higher risk of some health issues affecting...

What is tongue-tie? Tongue-tie is a condition which is present at birth. It is when the band which connects the tongue to the base of the mouth is quite thick or short. A baby with tongue-tie may find it hard to breast feed. Your baby may find it hard latching and...

What is an umbilical hernia? An umbilical hernia is a lump under the belly button. You might find it after the baby is born or the umbilical cord has fallen off. They are easier to see when the baby cries, strains or coughs. They don't often cause problems and go...

What is an unsettled baby? It is very common for a baby to cry a lot during the first 12 months. This is normal and is usually not serious. Sometimes there is a medical reason for a baby's crying. A baby is unsettled when it cries for no reason, for...

What is an Acutely Disturbed Adult or Older Person? An adult may appear mentally unwell or unstable if their thoughts or behaviour are not normal. This can happen if they are affected by alcohol or drugs, experiencing psychosis, or confused due to a medical condition called delirium.   Delirium is...

What is it? Before entering residential aged care it is important for your GP to look at in home support options and treatments that may help you. Aged care homes have to provide all the care and services required to meet your needs. This includes supporting your health, wellbeing, social...

What is inflammatory arthritis? Inflammatory arthritis causes sore and stiff joints, especially in the morning. The pain lasts more than 30 minutes but usually feels better when you move. It can be worse at night.

What is an older person's health assessment? If you are over the age of 70 years old, you should have regular health checks. There are some health screening tests you can do to help manage and prevent health conditions that are more common at this age. These include: an osteoporosis risk...

What is Osteoarthritis (OA) Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease that usually happens as people get older. It often affects the hands, feet, lower back, neck, hips, and knees.

What is poisoning and drug overdose? Drug overdoses and poisonings are common reasons people are taken to hospital. An overdose happens when someone takes too much of a drug, poison, or a mix of these. This can cause harmful, toxic effects on the body. Symptoms may appear quickly, but sometimes...

What is Polymyalgia Rheumatica? Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a condition that causes pain and stiffness in older people. It usually affects the neck, shoulders, and hips. 

What is shingles? Shingles is an infection. It is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. Shingles is most common in people over 50 years. You can't get shingles if you haven't had chickenpox. 

What is fibromyalgia? Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that causes pain and tenderness in the body. It can also cause sleep issues, tiredness and memory problems. There is no known cause for fibromyalgia and no cure. Your GP will help you to manage your symptoms.

What is gout and pseudogout? Gout happens when small crystals form in and around the joints. These crystals are made of a substance called monosodium urate. They can cause sudden pain, swelling, and joint damage over time. People get gout when their body has too much uric acid and doesn’t...

What is it? Headaches are very common and usually not concerning. Many people can treat their headache with over-the-counter pain medicine, rest and drinking more water. Sometimes, a headache can be a symptom of a serious illness. There are different types of headaches: Tension: This is the most common type...

What is shoulder pain? Shoulder pain is very common. It is a sign that all or part of your shoulder is injured, strained, or not working properly. The pain may be coming from the joint, muscles, tendons or ligaments around the shoulder. Sometimes, shoulder pain is caused by problems with...

What is hyperemesis gravidarum? Around 72% of pregnant women experience nausea with or without vomiting during pregnancy. Usually it starts between 4-10 weeks and settles by 20 weeks. For most women, this is manageble with simple measures, and over the counter medications. This is called hyperemesis gravidarum and can lead...

What is improving breast milk supply? Sometimes, women have a low breastmilk supply after birth. There are many reasons why a woman's breast milk supply may be low. It may be low if the woman has a health condition, like: Polycystic ovarian syndrome Hypothyroidism Diabetes Pre-diabetes Previous infertility You should...

What is medicine during pregnancy and breastfeeding? Most medicines are safe to take at the recommended dose while breast feeding. Tell your doctor if you plan to start, change or stop taking a medicine during this time. Always ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice if you are unsure.

What is mental health in pregnancy? Pregnancy can be an emotional time for many women. It’s not uncommon for pregnant women to experience a range of symptoms related to depression and anxiety. Postnatal depression, one of the most common conditions related to pregnancy, begins as antenatal depression (depression during pregnancy)...

What is subfertility? Subfertility is when a person finds it hard to fall pregnant.   Eight in ten couples who are trying to have a baby will get pregnant within 12 months. One in ten will get pregnant within two years. One in ten will take longer or will not...

What is weight gain in pregnancy? During pregnancy, healthy weight gain is crucial for both the mother and baby's wellbeing. There are many things which can affect how much weight you gain. It is important to maintain a healthy weight throughout your pregnancy. Talk to your GP about gaining weight...

What is it? A colonoscopy uses a long, snake like tube with a light and camera to look inside the large bowel. It is inserted into the rectum and can take samples of tissue or growths that are found. A doctor may suggest a colonoscopy if you have bowel problems...

What is weight management surgery?  Weight management surgery refers to a surgical intervention designed to reduce the size of the stomach to assist weight loss in patients with obesity. There are 4 main types of weight management surgery for weight loss: Sleeve gastrectomy – involves removing a portion of the...

What is emergency contraception? Emergency contraception is used to reduce the risk of pregnancy after unprotected sex. It is made for women. It usually comes in the form of a pill. This is sometimes called 'the morning after pill' or 'plan B'. There are two types of pill. The right...

What are genital ulcers? Genital ulcers are small sores on your penis, vagina or anus. They can be caused by infections like sexually transmitted infections (STIs) but can also have many other causes. Your GP will ask you some questions and may perform tests to find out the cause of...

What is mycoplasma genitalium? Mycoplasma genitalium is caused by bacteria. It can affect the cervix, urethra and rectum. It is a type of sexually transmitted infection (STI). It can be spread by having sex without a condom. Many people have no symptoms. If you have a vagina, you may notice...

What is sexual health? Sexual health is an important part of your health and wellbeing. Your physical, mental and emotional health can affect and be affected by your sexual health. Protecting yourself from sexually transmissible infections (STI) is an important part of good sexual health. Having good sexual health includes...

What is being transgender? When you’re born, you are given a gender based on what you look like. This is written on your birth certificate. Some people grow up feeling like the gender they are given doesn’t match who they truly are on the inside. If you identify as a...

What is being transgender? When you’re born, you are given a gender based on what you look like. This is written on your birth certificate. Some people grow up feeling like the gender they are given doesn’t match who they truly are on the inside. This is called transgender (or...

What is trichomoniasis? Trichomoniasis (also known as trich) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is caused by a parasite. You can pass on this STI during unprotected sex or from sharing a damp towel. The best way to prevent it is by having safe sex. If you have...

What is otitis externa? Otitis externa, also known as Swimmer’s Ear, happens when the outer part of the ear becomes inflamed. The skin inside the ear canal can become red, swollen, and sore because of an infection caused by bacteria or fungus. This condition can affect people of all ages....

What is scabies? Scabies is a skin problem. It is caused by tiny mites. They burrow into the skin and lay eggs. This causes intense itching and a rash. It is a highly contagious condition and spreads through touch. If you have scabies, people close to you will also need...

What is an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health assessment? If you are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, you can get a health check at your local GP or health service. This health check is important and can help you find information you need to know about your health. Having...

How do I care for my cast? It is important to let the case fully dry. Arm plaster casts can take up to 24 hours to dry and leg plaster casts can take up to 48 hours. Fibreglass casts only take 20 minutes to dry. Do not dry the cast...

What is chickenpox in pregnancy? Chickenpox is an infectious disease. It is very contagious and anyone of any age can catch it. Women who have chickenpox while pregnant are more likely to develop serious illness and have complications with their pregnancy. Your GP will talk to you about treatment options....

What is a concussion? A concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury. It happens when the head or body is violently shaken, or hits something. The most common symptoms of are confusion and finding it hard to remember. Other symptoms include headache, dizziness and nausea. You should see...

What is a driving and vehicle assessment? If you have a medical condition that could affect your ability to drive safely, you will need yearly medical assessments. Medical assessments are needed for anyone who has had a medical condition that impacts their ability to drive. The assessment needs to be...

What is an energy rebate? A rebate is a small refund on the cost of an item or service. The NSW Government offers rebates to help make the cost of your energy bills lower. If you are eligible, you can apply for one or more of the rebates. If you...

What is fever in returned traveller? People can sometimes get sick when they travel to other countries. Common illnesses seen in people who have recently returned from overseas include: Stomach illness (causing diarrhoea and vomiting) Flu or pneumonia Skin problems, such as rashes, sores, or insect bites Other illnesses that...

What is a food allergy or food intolerance? A food allergy is when the immune system responds to an allergen (an ingredient that is usually harmless) in food. This triggers a reaction, which can range from mild to severe. A mild allergic reaction can cause hives, swelling, itching, redness, discomfort or...

What is hyperthyroidism? Hyperthyroidism is due to an overactive thyroid. The thyroid is a gland in the neck. It makes hormones that help control some body processes. These include heart rate, body temperature, digestion, metabolism and weight. If you have been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, your GP will work with you...

What is hypothyroidism? Hypothyroidism is when you have an underactive thyroid, causing it to produce lower than normal amounts of thyroid hormone. It can cause symptoms such as tiredness, weight gain, depression and intolerance of cold. Your GP will investigate the cause of your underactive thyroid and may prescribe synthetic...

What is motor vehicle accident advice? If you are injured in a motor vehicle accident in NSW, the compulsory third party (CTP) Green Slip scheme ensures you get medical treatment, care and support. 

What is organ and tissue donation? Organ and tissue donation is the process of donating your organs and tissues to people who are very sick. The organ or tissue is removed and transplanted into another person. Donating organs and tissue saves lives. Many critically-ill people require donated organs and tissues...

What is physical activity in adults? It is important to keep active as an adult. Being active reduces your risk of mental and physical health and wellbeing issues. It can also reduce the risk of some cancers and other diseases. Keeping physically active can help you to stay at a...

What is polypharmacy? Polypharmacy is when people are taking five or more medications each day. These can be prescribed, over the counter or alternative medicines. Many medications interact with each other. This can cause unplanned side effects. A person's age can also affect how they respond to medications.

What is an adult refugee health assessment? A refugee health assessment is a detailed check of a person who has arrived in Australia as a refugee. The check includes migration history, full medical history, physical examination, tests and plans for any health concerns. Refugee health assessments are provided by a...

What is a child refugee health assessment? The refugee health assessment is a detailed check of a child or adolescent who has arrived in Australia as a refugee. The check includes migration history, full medical history, physical examination, tests and plans for any health concerns. Refugee health assessments are often...

What is returning to work after an illness or injury? Returning to work after an illness or injury can be challenging, but your GP can help. Returning to work is beneficial for your health and wellbeing. In fact, taking too much time off work is linked with poorer physical and...

What is subclinical hyperthyroidism? Subclinical hyperthyroidism is when a person has a low amount of thyroid stimulating hormone. It usually does not cause any symptoms. If you have subclinical hyperthyroidism you may not need treatment. Healthy hormone levels are important for overall health. If left untreated, subclinical hyperthyroidism can cause...

What is support for carers? Caring for someone can be a challenging task. Many people provide informal support for friends or family members who need it. However, there are many additional roles and responsibilities a carer has. The person you care for may have a disability, mental illness, chronic health...

What is Systemic Lupus Erthematatosus (SLE)? SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) is a disease where the body’s immune system attacks its own healthy parts by mistake. It does this by making proteins that harm the body’s own cells. This leads to swelling and damage in different parts of the body. It...

What is travel health advice? When you travel, it is important to think about your health. This is especially true if you plan to visit a different country. You may need a special vaccination to travel in certain countries. You should also be aware of how your health can change...

What is a natural disaster? A natural disaster is a severe weather event which can result in harm for humans, animals, property and roads. It is an emergency event and can happen at any time. It is important to be ready for if a natural disaster happens. If you have...

Your healthcare journey Your healthcare journey will often start by seeing your GP (general practitioner or family doctor). A GP can help anyone of any age. It is good to see one GP who you trust. You may want to find a GP who speaks your language or is the same...

What is a Bone Density Scan (DEXA)? A bone density scan (also called a DEXA or DXA scan) is a test doctors use to check how strong your bones are and to see if you might have osteoporosis. Bone density scans can also help show how likely you are to...

What is a fitness to drive assessment? People who are getting or renewing their driver license must tell Transport for NSW about any medical conditions they have that could affect how safely they can drive. A fitness to drive assessment are tests to look at whether it is safe for...

What is genetic and genomic testing in general practice? Genes are important in telling the body how to function and grow. This is what a genomic or genetic test will look at. Your test results can be used to help find answers to many health conditions with regards to children...

What is a lung function test? Lung function tests look at how well your lungs work. They are important to help diagnose lung problems and help plan treatments. There are a range of lung tests that your GP may suggest, helping you find out what is going on with your...

What is a myocardial perfusion scan? A Myocardial Perfusion Scan (also known as a Sestamibi Scan) is a test to examine the blood supply to the heart muscle. It is used to diagnose and assess problems of blood supply to the heart, such as blocked arteries.   What do I...

What is it?  A Faecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) looks for blood in your bowel motion (poo). A positive result means blood was found in your sample. One in 14 people will have a positive FOBT result. But only 1 in 95 will have bowel cancer. Some reasons for a...

What is self-monitoring blood glucose? Self-monitoring of blood glucose is recommended for all people with type 1 diabetes. It is also recommended for people with type 2 diabetes who are on insulin or other medications that may cause low blood sugar levels. It also advised for pregnant women diagnosed with...

What is a Type 2 diabetes risk assessment? The risk assessment determines your risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This may include a survey asking a range questions about your lifestyle and medical history as well as check your vitals. The results will allow for you and your GP to...

What is Very Low Energy Diet (VLED)? Low and very low energy diet options for obesity are a short-term approach where one or more meals per day are replaced. This approach is best led by the support of a dietician. Meals are commonly replaced with liquid products. This method has been proven to help with rapid...

What is an absent period (amenorrhoea)? Periods happen as part of the natural menstrual cycle. They usually happen every month. It is normal to miss periods at different times in your life. An absent period (Amenorrhoea) is when you don't get your period at all. The two types of amenorrhea...

What is breast engorgement? Breast engorgement is swelling of the breast. It may happen when you start breastfeeding and can also happen when your baby misses a feed. Your breasts can feel firm, swollen and painful, making it hard for your baby to attach to the breast. To relieve symptoms,...

What is chronic pelvic pain? Chronic pelvic pain is abdominal and/or pelvic pain that has lasted for at least 6 months. It might be constant or come and go. The pain does not only occur with menstruation or sex and is not due to a pregnancy.   Chronic pelvic pain...

What is Endometriosis?   Endometriosis is a health problem that affects women. It happens when tissue like the lining of the uterus grows in other places, usually in the pelvis and around the reproductive organs. It affects women differently. Symptoms are often related to the location of your endometriosis. Pelvic...

What is mastitis and breast abscess? Mastitis is swelling in the breast. Most times, it is caused by an infection. It usually happens in breastfeeding women but can happen in all women and men. If you have mastitis, you may have redness and feel pain in your breast. You may...

What is nipple pain (sore, tender or damaged nipples)? Nipple pain is common in the early days of breastfeeding. It generally improves after the first few weeks, but if it persists, you should see your GP to check for any other causes. Other possible causes for nipple pain include infection,...

What is pelvic organ prolapse? Pelvic organ prolapse is when one or more pelvic organs bulge into the vagina. This happens when there is weakness or damage of the pelvic ligaments, muscles, nerves, and tissues. These are responsible for supporting the pelvic organs (uterus, vagina, bladder, rectum, and bowel).  ...

What is thrush (vulvovaginal candidiasis)? Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a fungal infection in the vagina. It is caused by a growth of candida which is a yeast like fungus. It is more commonly known as thrush.   Thrush is not a sexually transmitted infection. However, male sexual partners of women can...

What is a vaginal pessary? A vaginal pessary is a removable device that is put into the vagina. It is used to support the prolapsed walls of your vagina and/or uterus. They are usually made of vinyl, plastic or silicone.   Your GP may suggest using a pessary if you...

What is vulvodynia? Vulvodynia is long lasting pain of the vulva without an obvious cause. It can include burning, stinging, irritation, or rawness of the genital skin (itch is not a feature). It seems to be triggered by infection, inflammation or injury after childbirth or an operation. Some women also...